当Service不需要支持并发操作时Messenger会非常有用。Messenger类使用Handler执行每个传入的消息,所有客户端的调用都按顺序运行在同一个线程上,这和AIDL是有区别的,AIDL每个客户端对应一个线程。使用Messenger类还能避免AIDL文件带来的问题,并可以方便地为客户端提供异步消息API。虽然没有那么强大,但该类有时候会很有效,因为它更容易在客户端和Service实现。
下面的例子展示了如何使用Messenger类来提供异步API。首先在onCreate()方法中创建Messenger,然后在onBind()方法中返回Binder对象。当Messenger接受到消息时,它使用存储在replyTo成员变量里的Messenger对象响应客户端的请求。
public class MessengerService extends Service { private Handler mMessageHandler; private Messenger mMessenger; public MessengerService() { } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return this.mMessenger.getBinder(); } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); HandlerThread handlerThread=new HandlerThread("MessengerService"); handlerThread.start(); this.mMessageHandler=new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(),new MyhandlerCallback()); this.mMessenger=new Messenger(this.mMessageHandler); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); this.mMessageHandler.getLooper().quit(); } private class MyhandlerCallback implements Handler.Callback{ @Override public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) { boolean delivered=false; switch (msg.what){ case 0:
//执行具体的任务 delivered=true; break; case 1:
//执行具体的任务 break; } Message reply=Message.obtain(null,2);//生成消息 try { msg.replyTo.send(reply);//反馈给客户端 } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return true; } } }
服务器端配置文件代码如下: <serviceandroid:name=".MessengerService" android:enabled="true" android:exported="true" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.example.liyuanjing.myapplication.MESSENGER_SERVICE"/> </intent-filter> </service>
下例中,客户端首先绑定到Service,然后使用IBinder作为参数构建一个Messenger对象,作为运行在远程Service中的Messenager的代理。当向Service发送消息时,也可以设置Message对象的replyTo属性。
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements ServiceConnection { private Button start; private Messenger mRemoteMessenger; private Messenger mReplyMessenger; private Handler mReplyHandler; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); this.start=(Button)findViewById(R.id.start); HandlerThread handlerThread=new HandlerThread("ReplyMessenger"); handlerThread.start(); this.mReplyHandler=new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(),new ReplyHandlerCallback()); this.mReplyMessenger=new Messenger(this.mReplyHandler); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); bindService(new Intent("com.example.liyuanjing.myapplication.MESSENGER_SERVICE"),this,BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); unbindService(this); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); this.mReplyHandler.getLooper().quit(); } public void onSendTextPressed(View v){ Message message=Message.obtain(); message.what=0; Bundle bundle=new Bundle(); bundle.putInt("key",1); message.obj=bundle; message.replyTo=mReplyMessenger; try { mRemoteMessenger.send(message); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { this.mRemoteMessenger=new Messenger(service); this.start.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { onSendTextPressed(v); } }); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { this.mRemoteMessenger=null; } private class ReplyHandlerCallback implements Handler.Callback{ @Override public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what){ case 2: Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"接受到了",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); break; } return true; } } }
注意必须用Bundle传递常规类型数据,否则会报错:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't marshal non-Parcelable
objects across processes.
因为Binder事务传递的数据被称为包裹(Parcel),必须实现Parcelable接口,否则无法在两个应用之间进行通信。之所以用Bundle传递是因为该类实现了Parcelable接口。当然如果要传递类也必须实现该接口。