今天小编给大家分享一下Spring整合消息队列RabbitMQ的流程是什么的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
搭建生产者工程
创建工程
添加依赖
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
配置整合
创建
spring-rabbitmq-producersrcmain esourcesproperties abbitmq.properties连接参数等配置文件；
rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
创建
spring-rabbitmq-producersrcmain esourcesspringspring-rabbitmq.xml整合配置文件；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
<!--加载配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
<!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
port="${rabbitmq.port}"
username="${rabbitmq.username}"
password="${rabbitmq.password}"
virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
<!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
id:bean的名称
name : queue的名称
auto-declare 自动创建
auto-delete 自动删除，最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后自动删除
duable 是否持久化
-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
<rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:fanout-exchange>
<!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name=“aa”">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1 key="xx"/>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>-->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>
<rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
<rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
<rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:topic-exchange>
<!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
<rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>发送消息
创建测试文件
spring-rabbitmq-producersrc estjavacomitheima abbitmqProducerTest.java
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml")
public class ProducerTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 只发队列消息
* 默认交换机类型为 direct
* 交换机的名称为空，路由键为队列的名称
*/
@Test
public void queueTest(){
//路由键与队列同名
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只发队列spring_queue的消息。");
}
/**
* 发送广播
* 交换机类型为 fanout
* 绑定到该交换机的所有队列都能够收到消息
*/
@Test
public void fanoutTest(){
/**
* 参数1：交换机名称
* 参数2：路由键名（广播设置为空）
* 参数3：发送的消息内容
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "发送到spring_fanout_exchange交换机的广播消息");
}
/**
* 通配符
* 交换机类型为 topic
* 匹配路由键的通配符，*表示一个单词，#表示多个单词
* 绑定到该交换机的匹配队列能够收到对应消息
*/
@Test
public void topicTest(){
/**
* 参数1：交换机名称
* 参数2：路由键名
* 参数3：发送的消息内容
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj的消息");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.1的消息");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.2的消息");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机itcast.cn的消息");
}
}搭建消费者工程
创建工程
添加依赖
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
配置整合
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmain esourcesproperties abbitmq.properties连接参数等配置文件；
rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmain esourcesspringspring-rabbitmq.xml整合配置文件；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
<!--加载配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/>
<!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
port="${rabbitmq.port}"
username="${rabbitmq.username}"
password="${rabbitmq.password}"
virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
<bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
<bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>
<bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>
<bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>
<bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>
<bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
<rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>消息监听器
1）队列监听器
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerSpringQueueListener.java
public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}2）广播监听器1
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerFanoutListener1.java
public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("广播监听器1：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}3）广播监听器2
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerFanoutListener2.java
public class FanoutListener2 implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("广播监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}4）星号通配符监听器
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerTopicListenerStar.java
public class TopicListenerStar implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("通配符*监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}5）井号通配符监听器
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerTopicListenerWell.java
public class TopicListenerWell implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("通配符#监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}6）井号通配符监听器2
创建
spring-rabbitmq-consumersrcmainjavacomitheima abbitmqlistenerTopicListenerWell2.java
public class TopicListenerWell2 implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8");
System.out.printf("通配符#监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s
",
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(),
message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(),
message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),
msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}