本篇内容介绍了“Spring的事件发布与监听方式是什么”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
事件
主要代码在
org.springframework.context，
org.springframework.context.event包中
事件发布与监听主要包含以下角色：
事件：
ApplicationEvent
事件监听器：
ApplicationListener
SmartApplicationListener
GenericApplicationListener
事件发布器：
ApplicationEventPublisher
事件广播器：
ApplicationEventMulticaster
引入
ApplicationListener有两种方式：
spring spi
手动注入bean
手动注入bean有两种方式：
类上注解
@Component等注解+实现
ApplicationListener接口
类上注解
@Component等注解+方法上注解
@EventListener
案例如下：
// bean注入方式一，实现ApplicationListener+@Component注入bean
@Component
public class HelloEventListener implements SmartApplicationListener {
@Override
public boolean supportsEventType(Class<? extends ApplicationEvent> eventType) {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
}
}
// bean注入方式二，@EventListener+@Component
@Component
public class Test {
@EventListener
public void listen(Object obj){
System.out.println("listening");
}
@EventListener(classes={ApplicationEvent.class},condition="springEL")
public void listen(ApplicationEvent event){
System.out.println("listening");
}
}关于
@EventListener注解方法注入是通过
EventListenerMethodProcessor的一个
SmartInitializingSingleton，同时该类也是一个
BeanFactoryPostProcessor，但扫描
@EventListener方法和注入逻辑不在该接口的
postProcess方法中，而是
SmartInitializingSingleton接口的
afterSingletonsInstantiated方法。
关于
SmartInitializingSingleton的接口作用注释如下：
Callback interface triggered at the end of the singleton pre-instantiation phase during BeanFactory bootstrap. This interface can be implemented by singleton beans in order to perform some initialization after the regular singleton instantiation algorithm, avoiding side effects with accidental early initialization (e.g. from ListableBeanFactory.getBeansOfType calls). In that sense, it is an alternative to InitializingBean which gets triggered right at the end of a bean’s local construction phase.
看到其作用和
InitializingBean类似，用于构造函数后的初始化操作，不过该接口是所有bean被创建之后被调用。在所有 bean的构造方法、初始化（
@PostConstruct、
InitializingBean）、
BeanPostProcessor都执行完毕后再执行该接口方法，注意是所有bean都执行完这些方法。
Invoked right at the end of the singleton pre-instantiation phase, with a guarantee that all regular singleton beans have been created already.
public class EventListenerMethodProcessor
implements SmartInitializingSingleton, ApplicationContextAware, BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
// 负责设置EventListenerFactory
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// 回调beanFactory赋值
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
// 拿到所有的EventListenerFactory
Map<String, EventListenerFactory> beans = beanFactory.getBeansOfType(EventListenerFactory.class, false, false);
List<EventListenerFactory> factories = new ArrayList<>(beans.values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(factories);
// 设置eventListenerFactories
this.eventListenerFactories = factories;
}
@Override
public void afterSingletonsInstantiated() {
...
processBean(beanName, type);
...
}
private void processBean(final String beanName, final Class<?> targetType) {
if (
// 不包含@EventListener的类的备忘录是否有该类型
!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(targetType) &&
// 该类型的type, method or field 是否能被注解@EventListener
AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(targetType, EventListener.class) &&
// 不能是org.springframework开头的类，或者被注解了@Component，注意是或者
!isSpringContainerClass(targetType)
) {
// 提取所有的方法
Map<Method, EventListener> annotatedMethods = null;
try {
annotatedMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(targetType,
(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<EventListener>) method ->
AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, EventListener.class));
}
...
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(annotatedMethods)) {
// 备忘录，加入已扫描的没有注解@EventListener的类
this.nonAnnotatedClasses.add(targetType);
...
}
else {
// Non-empty set of methods
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = this.applicationContext;
Assert.state(context != null, "No ApplicationContext set");
List<EventListenerFactory> factories = this.eventListenerFactories;
Assert.state(factories != null, "EventListenerFactory List not initialized");
for (Method method : annotatedMethods.keySet()) {
for (EventListenerFactory factory : factories) {
if (factory.supportsMethod(method)) {
Method methodToUse = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, context.getType(beanName));
// 生成ApplicationListener
ApplicationListener<?> applicationListener =
factory.createApplicationListener(beanName, targetType, methodToUse);
if (applicationListener instanceof ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) {
((ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) applicationListener).init(context, this.evaluator);
}
context.addApplicationListener(applicationListener);
break;
}
...ApplicationListener监听到事件后的执行是同步过程，如果需要异步，可搭配
@Async+@EventListener
事务消息监听器
spring-tx包下提供
TransactionalApplicationListener接口和
@TransactionalEventListener注解。
TransactionalApplicationListener接口：An ApplicationListener that is invoked according to a TransactionPhase. NOTE: Transactional event listeners only work with thread-bound transactions managed by a PlatformTransactionManager.