本文小编为大家详细介绍“怎么搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离”，内容详细，步骤清晰，细节处理妥当，希望这篇“怎么搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离”文章能帮助大家解决疑惑，下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来学习新知识吧。
1 什么是前后端分离
前后端分离是目前互联网开发中比较广泛使用的开发模式，主要是将前端和后端的项目业务进行分离，可以做到更好的解耦合，前后端之间的交互通过xml或json的方式，前端主要做用户界面的渲染，后端主要负责业务逻辑和数据的处理。
2 Spring Boot后端搭建
2.1 Mapper层
请参阅这篇文章 手把手教你SpringBoot整合Mybatis
此次项目的后端搭建就是在这个项目的基础上
2.2 Service层
接口：
/**
* @author 17122
*/
public interface StudentService {
/**
* 添加一个学生
*
* @param student
* @return
*/
public int saveStudent(Student student);
/**
* 根据ID查看一名学生
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Student findStudentById(Integer id);
/**
* 查询全部学生
*
* @return
*/
public List<Student> findAllStudent();
/**
* 根据ID删除一个
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int removeStudentById(Integer id);
/**
* 根据ID修改
*
* @param student
* @return
*/
public int updateStudentById(Student student);
}实现类：
/**
* @author 17122
*/
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
@Autowired
private XmlStudentMapper xmlStudentMapper;
@Override
public int saveStudent(Student student) {
return xmlStudentMapper.saveStudent(student);
}
@Override
public Student findStudentById(Integer id) {
return xmlStudentMapper.findStudentById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Student> findAllStudent() {
return xmlStudentMapper.findAllStudent();
}
@Override
public int removeStudentById(Integer id) {
return xmlStudentMapper.removeStudentById(id);
}
@Override
public int updateStudentById(Student student) {
return xmlStudentMapper.updateStudentById(student);
}
}2.3 Controller层
/**
* @author 17122
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
/**
* 添加学生
*
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/save")
public int saveStudent(@RequestBody Student student) {
int result;
try {
result = studentService.saveStudent(student);
} catch (Exception exception) {
return -1;
}
return result;
}
/**
* 查看全部
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/findAll")
public List<Student> findAll() {
return studentService.findAllStudent();
}
/**
* 根据ID查看
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/findById/{id}")
public Student findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentService.findStudentById(id);
}
/**
* 删除一个
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@DeleteMapping("/remove/{id}")
public int remove(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentService.removeStudentById(id);
}
/**
* 修改学生信息
*
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/update")
public int update(@RequestBody Student student) {
return studentService.updateStudentById(student);
}
}2.4 配置类
解决跨域请求
/**
* @author 17122
*/
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/**")
.allowedOriginPatterns("*")
.allowedMethods("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
.allowCredentials(true)
.maxAge(3600)
.allowedHeaders("*");
}
}图解跨域问题：
3 Vue前端搭建
3.1 新建Vue_cli2.x项目
3.2 引入路由
npm install vue-router --save
3.3 新建文件
3.4 配置和测试路由
main.js配置
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
router
}).$mount('#app')index.js
//注册路由
import Vue from 'vue';
import VueRouter from 'vue-router';
//引入路由
import index from '../view/index'
import update from "../view/update";
import selectAll from "../view/selectAll";
import selectOne from "../view/selectOne";
import insert from "../view/insert";
Vue.use(VueRouter);
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: "主页重定向",
path: "/",
redirect: "/index"
}, {
name: "主页",
path: "/index",
component: index,
children: [
{
name: "修改操作",
path: "/update",
component: update,
}, {
name: "查看全部",
path: "/selectAll",
component: selectAll,
}, {
name: "查看一个",
path: "/selectOne",
component: selectOne,
}, {
name: "添加一个",
path: "/insert",
component: insert,
}
]
}
]
})
export default routerApp.vue
<template>
<div id="app">
<router-view/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'App',
}
</script>index.vue
<template>
<div>
<router-link to="update">update</router-link>
<br>
<router-link to="selectAll"> selectAll</router-link>
<br>
<router-link to="selectOne"> selectOne</router-link>
<br>
<router-link to="insert"> insert</router-link>
<br>
<br>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "index"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>insert.vue
<template>
<div>
insert
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "insert"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>selectOne.vue
<template>
<div>
selectOne
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "selectOne"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>selectAll.vue
<template>
<div>
selectAll
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "selectAll"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>update.vue
<template>
<div>
update
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "update"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>测试
启动项目
npm run serve
访问：http://localhost:8080/
点击相关标签时会显示响应页面
3.5 引入Element UI
npm i element-ui -S
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(ElementUI)
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
router
}).$mount('#app')3.6 使用Element UI美化页面
index.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-menu class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal" :router="true">
<el-menu-item index="/selectAll">全部学生</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/insert">添加学生</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/selectOne">查看学生</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/update">修改学生</el-menu-item>
</el-menu>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "index"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>insert.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" >
<el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name" ></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age" ></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "insert",
data() {
return {
ruleForm: {
name: '',
age: ''
}
};
},
methods: {
submitForm(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
alert('submit!');
} else {
console.log('error submit!!');
return false;
}
});
},
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>selectOne.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
>
<el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
<el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "selectOne",
data() {
return {
ruleForm: {
id: '',
name: '',
age: ''
}
};
},
methods: {
submitForm(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
alert('submit!');
} else {
console.log('error submit!!');
return false;
}
});
},
resetForm(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>selectAll.vue
<template>
<div>
<template>
<el-table
:data="tableData"
>
<el-table-column
prop="id"
label="ID"
width="180">
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column
prop="name"
label="姓名"
width="180">
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column
prop="age"
label="年龄">
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column
label="操作">
<template>
<el-button type="warning" size="small">修改</el-button>
<el-button type="danger" size="small">删除</el-button>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</template>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "selectAll",
data() {
return {
tableData: []
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>update.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
>
<el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="姓名" prop="checkPass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="warning" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">修改</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "update",
data() {
return {
ruleForm: {
id: '',
name: '',
age: ''
}
};
},
methods: {
submitForm(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
alert('submit!');
} else {
console.log('error submit!!');
return false;
}
});
},
resetForm(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>效果
3.7 整合axios与Spring Boot后端交互
npm install axios --save
insert.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"
>
<el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass">
<el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm()">提交</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
name: "insert",
data() {
return {
ruleForm: {
name: '',
age: ''
}
};
},
methods: {
submitForm() {
axios.post("http://localhost:8081/student/save", this.ruleForm).then(function (resp) {
console.log(resp)
})
},
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>selectOne.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass"> &