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Linux下实现SSH免密码登录和实现秘钥的管理、分发、部署SHELL脚本分享

时间:2024-3-2 15:52     作者:韩俊     分类: Linux


环境:

ssh server: 192.168.100.29 server.example.com
ssh client: 192.168.100.30 client.example.com

通过root用户建立秘钥认证实现SHELL脚本管理,分发,部署

首先client端创建秘钥对,并将公钥分发给需要登录的SSH服务端

注:公钥相当于锁,私钥相当于钥匙,我们这里相当于在客户端创建一对钥匙和锁,想要做到SSH免密码登录,就相当于我们将锁分发到服务端并装锁,然后客户端就可以利用钥匙开锁。

一.建立秘钥认证

1.在客户端创建秘钥对:(ssh client)

# su - root

# ssh-keygen -t dsa

一路回车即可
Generating public/private dsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa):

Created directory '/root/.ssh'.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

e9:5e:4a:7f:79:64:c5:ae:f2:06:a7:26:e4:41:5c:0e root@zabbix.example.com

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ DSA 1024]----+

|                 |

|          E .    |

|         . +   . |

|         .o .   o|

|        S.     o |

|       .  o . + .|

|        oo.. B . |

|       o +o * +  |

|        o .+ =.  |

+-----------------+

2.查看生成的秘钥对:(ssh client)
# ls -lda .ssh

-----------------

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 6月   6 23:03 .ssh

-----------------

# cd .ssh

# ls -la

------------------

总用量 16

drwx------   2 root root 4096 6月   6 23:03 .

dr-xr-x---. 26 root root 4096 6月   6 23:03 ..

-rw-------   1 root root  668 6月   6 23:03 id_dsa

-rw-r--r--   1 root root  613 6月   6 23:03 id_dsa.pub

------------------

秘钥生成完毕

3.将公钥(锁)分发到SSH服务端:(ssh client)

# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_dsa.pub 192.168.100.29

注:若非root用户,以及自定义SSH端口,则格式为:
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub "-p 22 user@server"

输入yes,然后密码后回车:
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.30 (192.168.100.30)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is fc:9b:2e:38:3b:04:18:67:16:8f:dd:94:a8:bd:08:03.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.30' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

Address 192.168.100.30 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!

root@192.168.100.30's password:

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.100.30'", and check in:

 .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

公钥分发完毕

4.服务端查看收到的分发文件:(ssh server)

# ll /root/.ssh

-------------

总用量 4

-rw------- 1 root root 613 6月   6 23:29 authorized_keys

-------------

成功收到

5.客户端验证登陆:(ssh client)
查看服务端IP地址:

# ssh 192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0

-----------------------

Address 192.168.100.29 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:7A:4F:30  

         inet addr:192.168.100.29  Bcast:192.168.100.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

         inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:4f30/64 Scope:Link

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

         RX packets:184297 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

         TX packets:162028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

         RX bytes:163599380 (156.0 MiB)  TX bytes:51284830 (48.9 MiB)

         Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000

注:这里遇到警告提示“Address 192.168.100.29 maps to bogon, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!”。
解决办法为修改客户端/etc/hosts文件,将服务端的ip地址与主机名对应关系写进去就可以了。
(ssh client)

# echo "192.168.100.29  server.example.com" >> /etc/hosts

重新查看
# ssh 192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0

无错误提示:
--------------------------

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:7A:4F:30  

         inet addr:192.168.100.29  Bcast:192.168.100.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

         inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:4f30/64 Scope:Link

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

         RX packets:184530 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

         TX packets:162264 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

         RX bytes:163618650 (156.0 MiB)  TX bytes:51304877 (48.9 MiB)

         Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000

---------------------------

查看服务端内存
# ssh 192.168.100.29 free -m

--------------------------

            total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:          1006        991         14          0        177        308

-/+ buffers/cache:        506        500

Swap:         1023          6       1017

---------------------------

二.创建SHELL脚本实现批量管理:(ssh client)
1.创建脚本:
# cd /etc/rc.d

# vi manager.sh

------------------

for ip in `cat iplist`

do

  echo "---$ip---"

  ssh $ip $1

done

------------------

2.生成IP列表:(若有多台SSH服务端需要管理,这里以此类推即可)
# echo 192.168.100.29 >> iplist

# echo 192.168.100.28 >> iplist

。。。。。

# cat iplist

---------------

192.168.100.29

---------------

3.执行脚本:
# sh manager.sh "df -h"

----------------

---192.168.100.29---

文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/sda3              19G  6.7G   11G  38% /

tmpfs                 504M     0  504M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             194M   27M  158M  15% /boot

----------------

管理成功

三.创建SHELL脚本实现批量分发:(ssh client)

1.创建脚本:

# cd /etc/rc.d

# vi distribute.sh

------------------

for ip in `cat iplist`

do

  echo "---$ip---"

  scp -r -p $1 $ip:$2

done

------------------

脚本IP列表已创建
执行脚本:
将本地/root下文件分发到SSH服务端主机
# sh distribute.sh /root /tmp

------------------

---192.168.100.29---

.ICEauthority                                 100%  620     0.6KB/s   00:00    

install.log.syslog                            100%   10KB  10.2KB/s   00:00    

preferred-web-browser.desktop                 100% 2378     2.3KB/s   00:00    

preferred-mail-reader.desktop                 100%  257     0.3KB/s   00:00    

.converted-launchers                          100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    

.bash_history                                 100% 3200     3.1KB/s   00:00    

.bash_logout                                  100%   18     0.0KB/s   00:00    

applet_dirlist                                100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    

saved_state                                   100%   65KB  64.5KB/s   00:00    

8f329b0c645a51e018b765fa0000001a-0            100%  463     0.5KB/s   00:00    

............

------------------

分发成功

四.批量部署:

这里的部署就结合了SHELL脚本批量管理和分发两个功能。
比如你要部署N台SSH服务端批量安装APACHE。

1.写好APACHE安装脚本。
2.将安装脚本分发到SSH服务端。
3.利用SHELL管理远端执行该脚本即可。
这里就不做过多演示,有机会我整理下我的LAMP文档,写个APACHE脚本,在这里演示下。
注:因为涉及风险操作。所以不推荐线上利用root用户进行批量管理操作。
建议设置普通账户,再利用sudo提权操作。

通过普通用户建立秘钥认证并sudo提权进行管理,分发,部署

(ssh server)

# useradd user02

# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user02

(ssh client)

# useradd user01

# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user01

# su - user01

# ssh-keygen -t dsa

注:默认三个回车完成创建
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_dsa.pub user02@192.168.100.29

输入密码123456,分发完毕
验证:
# ssh user02@192.168.100.29 /sbin/ifconfig eth0

返回192.168.100.29端IP即表明秘钥验证成功。
分发:
注:客户端user01用户现在可以免密码分发到服务端user02所属文件夹,但若想分发到root所属文件夹,则需要sudo提权。
1.服务端sudo提权:
# su - root

# echo "user02 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/rsync,/bin/tar,/usr/bin/scp,/bin/cp" >> /etc/sudoers

登录user02账户
# su - user02

查看账户信息:
# sodo -l

----------------

............

User user02 may run the following commands on this host:

   (ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync, (ALL) /bin/tar, (ALL) /usr/bin/scp,(ALL) /bin/cp

----------------

2.客户端先分发到服务端user02用户家目录:
# scp -P22 -r -p /home/user01/ user02@192.168.100.29:/home/user02

-----------------------------

.bash_logout                                  100%   18     0.0KB/s   00:00    

.bashrc                                       100%  124     0.1KB/s   00:00    

known_hosts                                   100%  396     0.4KB/s   00:00    

id_dsa                                        100%  672     0.7KB/s   00:00    

id_dsa.pub                                    100%  615     0.6KB/s   00:00    

.bash_profile                                 100%  176     0.2KB/s   00:00  

-------------------------------

2.连接服务端后执行sudo cp命令执行本地拷贝:
# ssh -t user02@192.168.100.29 sudo cp /home/user02 /etc

-----------------------

Connection to 192.168.100.29 closed.

-----------------------

拷贝成功
注:
# cp /test1 /test2/

是将/test1目录拷贝到/test2/目录下
# cp /test1/ /test2/

是将/test1目录下的所有文件拷贝到/test2/目录下
-------大功告成--------

标签: linux

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