最近管理的一批机器,有个需求是要统一修改一个帐号的用户名密码,比如将qa帐号的密码改为1234,后来还为了脚本化,很方便的执行,还使用了非交互式地修改用户的密码。简单记录一下吧。
1. 交互式配置本地用户的密码:passwd 命令
[root@host_221-81 ~]# passwd qa Changing password for user qa. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too short BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
2. 非交互式修改本地用户的密码:chpasswd
# chpasswd命令使用起来很简洁 [root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "qa:1234" | chpasswd # 使用passwd命令,也可以实现非交互式修改密码 [root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "1234" | passwd --stdin "qa" Changing password for user qa. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3. 使用expect来处理交互式输入,从而实现非交互式的密码修改。
#!/bin/sh # exec expect -f "$0" "$@" if { $argc != 2 } { puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>" exit 1 } set password [lindex $argv 1] spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0] sleep 1 expect "assword:" send "$passwordr" expect "assword:" send "$passwordr" expect eof
注意:脚本的第二行,这种写法可能比较陌生,这是在TCL语言中的语法,The backslash is recognized as part of a comment to sh, but in Tcl the backslash continues the comment into the next line which keeps the exec command from executing again.
该脚本的执行结果为:
[root@smilejay ~]# ./change-pwd-expect.sh qa 1234 spawn passwd qa Changing password for user qa. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too short BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.