这篇文章主要讲解了“PostgreSQL时间处理的常用方式有哪些”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“PostgreSQL时间处理的常用方式有哪些”吧!
1.获取当前时间
now()函数:
select now();
current_timestamp,同now():
select current_timestamp;
select current_time;
select current_date;
可以去掉now()、掉后面的+8等:
select now()::timestamp(0)without time zone; select current_timestamp::timestamp(0)without time zone;
2.date_part函数
语法:DATE_PART(field, source), filed可以理解为要截取的类型。
下面是filed支持的类型:
CENTURY,世纪,获取日期所在的世纪:
select date_part('CENTURY', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13'); select date_part('CENTURY', now());
MILLENNIUM,千年
select date_part('MILLENNIUM', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
YEAR,年份域
select date_part('YEAR', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
MONTH,对于timestamp数值,它是一年里的月份数(1-12);对于interval数值,它是月的数目,然后对12取模(0-11)
select date_part('MONTH', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
select date_part('month', interval '2 years 5 months')
DAY,日期里的天,值是1-31:
select date_part('day', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13'); select date_part('day', now());
HOUR,小时(0-23)
select date_part('HOUR', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
MINUTE,分钟域(0-59)
select date_part('MINUTE', TIME '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
SECOND,秒域,包括小数部分(0-59[1])
select date_part('SECOND', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
MICROSECONDS,秒域(包括小数)乘以 1,000,000
select date_part('MICROSECONDS', TIME '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
MILLISECONDS,秒域(包括小数)乘以 1,000
select date_part('MILLISECONDS', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
DECADE,年份域除以10:
select date_part('DECADE', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
DOW,星期号(0-6;星期天是0) (仅用于timestamp)
select date_part('DOW', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13'); select date_part('DOW', now());
DOY,一年中的第几天(1 -365/366) (仅用于 timestamp)
select date_part('DOY', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
QUARTER,该天所在的该年的季度(1-4)(仅用于 timestamp)
select date_part('QUARTER', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
WEEK,该天在所在的年份里是第几周。
select date_part('WEEK', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');
3.extract()函数
使用语法:extract (field from source),field 支持的类型,和date_part()函数一样
select extract ('year' from timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15')
4.日期格式化函数
to_char(timestamp, text),把时间戳转换成字串
select to_char(now(), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
to_date(text, text) 把字串转换成日期
select to_date('05 Dec 2022', 'DD Mon YYYY')
to_timestamp(text, text) ,把字串转换成时间戳
select to_timestamp('05 Dec 2022', 'DD Mon YYYY')
5.时间运算
select date '2001-09-28' + integer '7'; select date '2001-09-28' + interval '1 hour'; select date '2001-09-28' + time '03:00'; select interval '1 day' + interval '1 hour'; select timestamp '2001-09-28 01:00' + interval '23 hours'; select time '01:00' + interval '3 hours'; select - interval '23 hours'; select date '2001-10-01' - date '2001-09-28'; select date '2001-10-01' - integer '7'; select date '2001-09-28' - interval '1 hour'; select time '05:00' - time '03:00'; select time '05:00' - interval '2 hours; select timestamp '2001-09-28 23:00' - interval '23 hours'; select interval '1 day' - interval '1 hour'; select timestamp '2001-09-29 03:00' - timestamp '2001-09-27 12:00'; select interval '1 hour' * double precision '3.5'; select interval '1 hour' / double precision '1.5';
6.计算时间差
select now() + interval '10 min/year/month/day/hour/sec/ (1 year 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 min 1 sec)' select now() - interval '10 min/year/month/day/hour/sec/ (1 year 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 min 1 sec)' select now()::timestamp(0)without time zone-interval '72 hour' select extract(day from now() - '2001-09-27 12:00') from user ;