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Mysql的GROUP_CONCAT()函数使用方法

时间:2024-3-1 17:09     作者:韩俊     分类: Mysql


语法:

GROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...][ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}[ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]][SEPARATOR str_val])

下面演示一下这个函数,先建立一个学生选课表student_courses,并填充一些测试数据。

SQL代码


CREATE TABLE student_courses (
student_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
courses_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
KEY(student_id)
);
INSERT INTO student_courses VALUES (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5);



若要查找学生ID为2所选的课程,则使用下面这条SQL:

SQL代码


mysql> SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2;
+------------+------------+
| student_id | courses_id |
+------------+------------+
| 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 4 |
| 2 | 5 |
+------------+------------+
3 rows IN SET (0.00 sec)



输出结果有3条记录,说明学生ID为2的学生选了3、4、5这3门课程。
放在PHP里,必须用一个循环才能取到这3条记录,如下所示:



PHP代码


foreach ($pdo->query("SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2") as $row) {
$result[] = $row['courses_id'];
}


而如果采用GROUP_CONCAT()函数和GROUP BY语句就显得非常简单了,如下所示:



SQL代码


mysql> SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;
+------------+---------+
| student_id | courses |
+------------+---------+
| 2 | 3,4,5 |
+------------+---------+
1 row IN SET (0.00 sec)



这样php里处理就简单了:



PHP代码


$row = $pdo->query("SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id");
$result = explode(',', $row['courses']);



分隔符还可以自定义,默认是以“,”作为分隔符,若要改为“|||”,则使用SEPARATOR来指定,例如:



SQL代码


SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id SEPARATOR '|||') AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;


除此之外,还可以对这个组的值来进行排序再连接成字符串,例如按courses_id降序来排:

SQL代码


SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id ORDER BY courses_id DESC) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id;

标签: mysql

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