PHP数据库表操作的封装类及用法实例详解

本文实例讲述了PHP数据库表操作的封装类及用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

数据库表结构：

CREATE TABLE `test_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`nickname` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`r` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `test_blog` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `title` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

设置字符编码：

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

引入Table类：

require 'Table.php';

设置数据库参数：

Table::$__host = '127.0.0.1:3306';
Table::$__user = 'root';
Table::$__pass = '123456';
Table::$__name = 'test';
Table::$__charset = 'utf8';

创建实体对象：

Table类有三个参数: $table, $pk, $pdo=null

$table: 表名称.
$pk: 主键名称. 不支持联合主键
$pdo: 独立的PDO对象. 一般不需要传
Notice: Table类是表操作的封装,不是Model层的基类,所以不支持表前缀,表前缀应该在Model层实现

$userTable = new Table('test_blog');
$blogTable = new Table('test_blog');

插入数据：

$user = array(
    'username' => "admin1",
    'password' => "admin1",
    'nickname' => "管理员1",
    'r' => mt_rand(0, 5),
);
echo $userTable->insert($user)->rowCount(), "n";
echo $userTable->lastInsertId(), "n";

批量插入数据：

$fields = array('username','password','nickname','r');
for ($i=2; $i<=100; $i++) {
  $rows[] = array("admin$i", "admin$i", "管理员$i", mt_rand(0, 5));
}
$userTable->batchInsert($fields, $rows);

查询所有数据：

select方法返回一个PDOStatement对象, fetchAll返回多行, fetch返回单行

var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll());

field自定义：

var_dump($userTable->select('id,nickname')->fetchAll());

where查询：

var_dump($userTable->where('id > ?', 50)->select()->fetchAll());

where and条件：

var_dump($userTable->where('id > ?', 6)->where('id in (?)', array(5,7,9))
  ->select()->fetchAll());

where or条件：

var_dump($userTable->where('id = ? OR id = ?', 6, 8)->select()->fetchAll());

group分组 having过滤：

var_dump($userTable->group('r')->having('c between ? and ?', 10, 20)
  ->select('*, r, count(*) as c')->fetchAll());

order排序：

var_dump($userTable->order('r desc, id')->select()->fetchAll());

limit 行数：

跳过30行 返回10行

var_dump($userTable->limitOffset(10, 30)->select()->fetchAll());

查询单行：

var_dump($userTable->where('id = ?', 6)->select()->fetch());

根据主键查询数据：

var_dump($userTable->find(4));

update更新数据：

$user = array( 'username' => 'admin4-1', 'nickname' => '管理员4-1', );
echo $userTable->where('id = ?', 4)->update($user)->rowCount(), "n";

replace替换数据：

使用了MySQL的REPLACE语句

$user = array(
    'id' => 4,
    'username' => 'admin4',
    'password' => 'admin4',
    'nickname' => '管理员4',
    'r' => mt_rand(0, 5),
);
echo $userTable->replace($user)->rowCount(), "n";

删除数据：

echo $userTable->where('id = ?', 4)->delete()->rowCount(), "n";

分页查询

第2页, 每页10行数据：

var_dump($userTable->page(2, 10)->select()->fetchAll());

分页查询的总行数：

$userTable->where('r=?', 3)->order('id desc')->page(2, 10)
  ->select()->fetchAll();
echo $userTable->count(), "n";

复杂查询：

var_dump($userTable->where('id > ?', 1)->where('id < ?', 100)
  ->group('r')->having('c between ? and ?', 1, 100)->having('c > ?', 1)
  ->order('c desc')->page(2, 3)->select('*, count(*) as c')->fetchAll());

自增：

$id = 2;
// 加一
var_dump($userTable->where('id = ?', $id)->plus('r')->find($id));
// 减一
var_dump($userTable->where('id = ?', $id)->plus('r', -1)->find($id));
// 多列
var_dump($userTable->where('id = ?', $id)->plus('r', 1, 'r', -1)->find($id));

自增,并获得自增后的值：

$id = 2;
// 加一
echo $userTable->where('id = ?', $id)->incr('r'), "n";
// 减一
echo $userTable->where('id = ?', $id)->incr('r', -1), "n";

save 保存修改：

判断数据中是否存在主键字段,如果存在主键字段就update数据,反之insert数据

// 修改
$user = array(
  'id' => 3,
  'nickname' => '管理员3-3',
);
echo $userTable->save($user)->rowCount(), "n";
var_dump($userTable->find(3));
// 添加
$user = array(
    'username' => 'admin11',
    'password' => 'admin11',
    'nickname' => '管理员11',
    'r' => mt_rand(0, 5),
);
echo $userTable->save($user)->rowCount(), "n";
$id = $userTable->lastInsertId();
var_dump($userTable->find($id));

生成外表测试数据：

$users = $userTable->select('id')->fetchAll();
$id = 0;
foreach ($users as $user) {
  for ($i=0; $i<10; $i++) {
    $id++;
    $blog = array(
        'user_id' => $user['id'],
        'title' => "blog$id",
    );
    $blogTable->insert($blog);
  }
}

Table类不支持JOIN查询

需要的朋友可以手写sql语句,使用query方法来执行.或者自己修改Table类来支持JOIN

获取外表数据：

$blogs = $blogTable->where('id in (?)', array(1,12,23,34,56,67,78,89,90,101))
  ->select()->fetchAll();
// 获取外表数据 key为外表id value为外表行数据
var_dump($userTable->foreignKey($blogs, 'user_id')
  ->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE));
var_dump($userTable->foreignKey($blogs, 'user_id', '*,id')
  ->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE));
var_dump($userTable->foreignKey($blogs, 'user_id', 'id,username,nickanem,id')
  ->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE));
// 获取外表数据 返回键值对数组 key为id value为username
var_dump($userTable->foreignKey($blogs, 'user_id', 'id,username')
  ->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_KEY_PAIR));

PDOStatement::fetchAll 示例：

// 获取映射数据
var_dump($userTable->select('*, id')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE));
// 获取数组
var_dump($userTable->select('nickname')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN));
// 获取键值对
var_dump($userTable->select('id, nickname')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_KEY_PAIR));
// 获取数据分组
var_dump($userTable->select('r, id, nickname')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_GROUP));
// 获取数据分组
var_dump($userTable->select('r, id')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_GROUP|PDO::FETCH_COLUMN));
// 获取数据分组
var_dump($userTable->select('r, nickname')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_GROUP|PDO::FETCH_KEY_PAIR));
// 获取对象 指定获取方式，将结果集中的每一行作为一个属性名对应列名的对象返回。
var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ));
// 获取对象 指定获取方式，返回一个所请求类的新实例，映射列到类中对应的属性名。
// Note: 如果所请求的类中不存在该属性，则调用 __set() 魔术方法
var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS));
// 获取对象 指定获取方式，更新一个请求类的现有实例，映射列到类中对应的属性名。
var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_INTO));
// 获取自定义行
var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_FUNC, function($id, $username, $password, $r){
  return array('id'=>$id, 'name'=>"$username - $password - $r");
}));
// 获取单一值
var_dump($userTable->select()->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_FUNC, function($id, $username, $password, $r){
  return "$id - $username - $password - $r";
}));

Table类源代码：

<?php
/**
 * @author dotcoo zhao <dotcoo at 163 dot com>
 */
/**
 * 模型
*/
class Table {
  /**
   * @var PDO
   */
  public static $__pdo = null;      // 默认PDO对象
  public static $__host = '127.0.0.1';  // 默认主机
  public static $__user = 'root';     // 默认账户
  public static $__pass = '123456';    // 默认密码
  public static $__name = 'test';     // 默认数据库名称
  public static $__charset = 'utf8';   // 默认字符集
  /**
   * @var PDO
   */
  public $_pdo = null;          // PDO对象
  public $_table = null;         // 表名
  public $_pk = 'id';           // paramry
  public $_where = array();        // where
  public $_where_params = array();    // where params
  public $_count_where = array();     // count where
  public $_count_where_params = array(); // count where params
  public $_group = '';          // group
  public $_having = array();       // having
  public $_having_params = array();    // having params
  public $_order = null;         // order
  public $_limit = null;         // limit
  public $_offset = null;         // offset
  public $_for_update = '';        // read lock
  public $_lock_in_share_model = '';   // write lock
  /**
   * Table Construct
   * @param string $table_name
   * @param string $pk
   * @param string $prefix
   * @param PDO $pdo
   */
  function __construct($table=null, $pk=null, PDO $pdo=null) {
    $this->_table = isset($table) ? $table : $this->_table;
    $this->_pk = isset($pk) ? $pk : $this->_pk;
    $this->_pdo = $pdo;
  }
  /**
   * @return PDO
   */
  public function getPDO() {
    if (isset($this->_pdo)) {
      return $this->_pdo;
    }
    if (isset(self::$__pdo)) {
      return self::$__pdo;
    }
    $dsn = sprintf("mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;charset=%s;", self::$__host, self::$__name, self::$__charset);
    $options = array(
        PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
    );
    return self::$__pdo = new PDO($dsn, self::$__user, self::$__pass, $options);
  }
  /**
   * 执行语句
   * @param string $sql
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function query($sql) {
    $params = func_get_args();
    array_shift($params);
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
  }
  /**
   * 执行语句
   * @param string $sql
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function queryParams($sql, array $params) {
    $sqls = explode('?', $sql);
    $sql_new = array_shift($sqls);
    $params_new = array();
    foreach ($sqls as $i => $sql_item) {
      if (is_array($params[$i])) {
        $sql_new .= str_repeat('?,', count($params[$i])-1).'?'.$sql_item;
        $params_new = array_merge($params_new, $params[$i]);
      } else {
        $sql_new .= '?'.$sql_item;
        $params_new[] = $params[$i];
      }
    }
    $stmt = $this->getPDO()->prepare($sql_new);
    foreach ($params_new as $i => $param) {
      switch (gettype($param)) {
        case 'integer':
          $stmt->bindValue($i+1, $param, PDO::PARAM_INT);
          break;
        case 'NULL':
          $stmt->bindValue($i+1, $param, PDO::PARAM_NULL);
          break;
        default :
          $stmt->bindValue($i+1, $param);
      }
    }
//   echo $sql_new, "n"; var_dump($params_new); // exit();
    $stmt->executeResult = $stmt->execute();
    $this->reset();
    return $stmt;
  }
  /**
   * 查询数据
   * @param string $field
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function select($columns='*') {
    $params = array_merge($this->_where_params, $this->_having_params);
    $sql = "SELECT $columns FROM `{$this->_table}`";
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : ' WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    $sql .= empty($this->_group) ? '' : ' GROUP BY '. $this->_group;
    $sql .= empty($this->_having) ? '' : ' HAVING '. implode(' AND ', $this->_having);
    $sql .= empty($this->_order) ? '' : ' ORDER BY '. $this->_order;
    if (isset($this->_limit)) {
      $sql .= ' LIMIT ?';
      $params[] = $this->_limit;
      if (isset($this->_offset)) {
        $sql .= ' OFFSET ?';
        $params[] = $this->_offset;
      }
    }
    $sql .= $this->_for_update;
    $sql .= $this->_lock_in_share_model;
    $this->_count_where = $this->_where;
    $this->_count_where_params = $this->_where_params;
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
  }
  /**
   * 添加数据
   * @param array $data
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function insert(array $data) {
    $sql = "INSERT `{$this->_table}` SET";
    $params = array();
    foreach ($data as $col=>$val) {
      $sql .= " `$col` = ?,";
      $params[] = $val;
    }
    $sql{strlen($sql)-1} = ' ';
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
  }
  /**
   * 批量插入数据
   * @param array $names
   * @param array $rows
   * @param number $batch
   * @return Table
   */
  public function batchInsert(array $fields, array $rows, $batch=1000) {
    $i = 0;
    $sql = "INSERT `{$this->_table}` (`".implode('`, `', $fields)."`) VALUES ";
    foreach ($rows as $row) {
      $i++;
      $sql .= "('".implode("','", array_map('addslashes', $row))."'),";
      if ($i >= $batch) {
        $sql{strlen($sql)-1} = ' ';
        $this->query($sql);
        $i = 0;
        $sql = "INSERT `{$this->_table}` (`".implode('`, `', $fields)."`) VALUES ";
      }
    }
    if ($i > 0) {
      $sql{strlen($sql)-1} = ' ';
      $this->query($sql);
    }
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 更新数据
   * @param array $data
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function update(array $data) {
    $sql = "UPDATE `{$this->_table}` SET";
    $params = array();
    foreach ($data as $col=>$val) {
      $sql .= " `$col` = ?,";
      $params[] = $val;
    }
    $sql{strlen($sql)-1} = ' ';
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : 'WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    $params = array_merge($params, $this->_where_params);
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
  }
  /**
   * 替换数据
   * @param array $data
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function replace(array $data) {
    $sql = "REPLACE `{$this->_table}` SET";
    $params = array();
    foreach ($data as $col=>$val) {
      $sql .= " `$col` = ?,";
      $params[] = $val;
    }
    $sql{strlen($sql)-1} = ' ';
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : 'WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    $params = array_merge($params, $this->_where_params);
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
  }
  /**
   * 删除数据
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function delete() {
    $sql = "DELETE FROM `{$this->_table}`";
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : ' WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $this->_where_params);
  }
  /**
   * 重置所有
   * @return Table
   */
  public function reset() {
    $this->_where = array();
    $this->_where_params = array();
    $this->_group = null;
    $this->_having = array();
    $this->_having_params = array();
    $this->_order = null;
    $this->_limit = null;
    $this->_offset = null;
    $this->_for_update = '';
    $this->_lock_in_share_model = '';
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * where查询条件
   * @param string $format
   * @return Table
   */
  public function where($format) {
    $args = func_get_args();
    array_shift($args);
    $this->_where[] = $format;
    $this->_where_params = array_merge($this->_where_params, $args);
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * group分组
   * @param string $columns
   * @return Table
   */
  public function group($columns) {
    $this->_group = $columns;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * having过滤条件
   * @param string $format
   * @return Table
   */
  public function having($format) {
    $args = func_get_args();
    array_shift($args);
    $this->_having[] = $format;
    $this->_having_params = array_merge($this->_having_params, $args);
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * order排序
   * @param string $columns
   * @return Table
   */
  public function order($order) {
    $this->_order = $order;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * limit数据偏移
   * @param number $offset
   * @param number $limit
   * @return Table
   */
  public function limitOffset($limit, $offset=null) {
    $this->_limit = $limit;
    $this->_offset = $offset;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 独占锁，不可读不可写
   * @return Table
   */
  public function forUpdate() {
    $this->forUpdate = ' FOR UPDATE';
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 共享锁，可读不可写
   * @return Table
   */
  public function lockInShareMode() {
    $this->_lock_in_share_model = ' LOCK IN SHARE MODE';
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 事务开始
   * @return bool
   */
  public function begin() {
    return $this->getPDO()->beginTransaction();
  }
  /**
   * 事务提交
   * @return bool
   */
  public function commit() {
    return $this->getPDO()->commit();
  }
  /**
   * 事务回滚
   * @return bool
   */
  public function rollBack() {
    return $this->getPDO()->rollBack();
  }
  /**
   * page分页
   * @param number $page
   * @param number $pagesize
   * @return Table
   */
  public function page($page, $pagesize = 15) {
    $this->_limit = $pagesize;
    $this->_offset = ($page - 1) * $pagesize;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 获取自增ID
   * @return int
   */
  public function lastInsertId() {
    return $this->getPDO()->lastInsertId();
  }
  /**
   * 获取符合条件的行数
   * @return int
   */
  public function count() {
    $sql = "SELECT count(*) FROM `{$this->_table}`";
    $sql .= empty($this->_count_where) ? '' : ' WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_count_where);
    return $this->queryParams($sql, $this->_count_where_params)->fetchColumn();
  }
  /**
   * 将选中行的指定字段加一
   * @param string $col
   * @param number $val
   * @return Table
   */
  public function plus($col, $val = 1) {
    $sets = array("`$col` = `$col` + $val");
    $args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 2);
    while (count($args) > 1) {
      $col = array_shift($args);
      $val = array_shift($args);
      $sets[] = "`$col` = `$col` + $val";
    }
    $sql = "UPDATE `{$this->_table}` SET ".implode(', ', $sets);
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : ' WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    $params = array_merge(array($val), $this->_where_params);
    $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 将选中行的指定字段加一
   * @param string $col
   * @param number $val
   * @return int
   */
  public function incr($col, $val = 1) {
    $sql = "UPDATE `{$this->_table}` SET `$col` = last_insert_id(`$col` + ?)";
    $sql .= empty($this->_where) ? '' : ' WHERE '. implode(' AND ', $this->_where);
    $params = array_merge(array($val), $this->_where_params);
    $this->queryParams($sql, $params);
    return $this->getPDO()->lastInsertId();
  }
  /**
   * 根据主键查找行
   * @param number $id
   * @return array
   */
  public function find($id) {
    return $this->where("`{$this->_pk}` = ?", $id)->select()->fetch();
  }
  /**
   * 保存数据,自动判断是新增还是更新
   * @param array $data
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function save(array $data) {
    if (array_key_exists($this->_pk, $data)) {
      $pk_val = $data[$this->_pk];
      unset($data[$this->_pk]);
      return $this->where("`{$this->_pk}` = ?", $pk_val)->update($data);
    } else {
      return $this->insert($data);
    }
  }
  /**
   * 获取外键数据
   * @param array $rows
   * @param string $fkey
   * @param string $field
   * @param string $key
   * @return PDOStatement
   */
  public function foreignKey(array $rows, $fkey, $field='*') {
    $ids = array(); foreach($rows as $row) { $ids[] = $row[$fkey]; }
//   $ids = array_column($rows, $fkey);
    if (empty($ids)) {
      return new PDOStatement();
    }
    return $this->where("`{$this->_pk}` in (?)", $ids)->select($field);
  }
}

github地址：

https://github.com/dotcoo/php/blob/master/Table/Table.php

希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。