本篇内容主要讲解“vue与django如何实现文件上传下载功能”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“vue与django如何实现文件上传下载功能”吧!
文件上传功能
上传后端部分
（一）Models.py
from django.db import models
class FilesModel(models.Model): //模型名（默认表名）
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='') //name，fle是字段名（file为上传的文件）
file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/') //upload上传功能实现，to上传后保存的路径
class Meta:
db_table = 'files_storage' //自定义的表名
ordering = ['-id'] //按顺序排列（二）Serializer.py
使用 Django REST framework 实现后端 REST API，需创建序列化器 serializers.py，内容如下：
from rest_framework import serializers
from files import models //files 是 app 的名字
class FilesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.FilesModel //指定模型
fields = '__all__' //指定序列化的字段名（三）views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from files import models, serializers
class FileViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.FilesModel.objects.all() //返回全部字段
serializer_class = serializers.FilesSerializer //指定序列化器类型（四）urls
1.项目总配置路径下（settings.py 所在的路径）编辑根路由配置文件 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('storage/', include('files.urls')) //网址前缀及指定某子app的url
]2.app为files 的路径下新建 urls.py 文件，填写路由配置：
from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from files import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'files', views.FileViewSet) //注册路径
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls))
]（五）测试后端api
运行后台服务 python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000，访问 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/，界面如下：
上传前端部分（vue添加vue.js和node.js，设置eslint）
<template>
<div>
<el-label>名称</el-label>
<el-input v-model="fileData.name" />
<el-upload
ref="upload"
drag
class="upload-demo"
action="http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/"
:data="fileData"
:auto-upload="false"
:on-success="onSuccess"
>
<i class="el-icon-upload" />
<div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处，或<em>点击上传</em></div>
</el-upload>
<el-button size="small" type="success" @click="submitUpload">上传到服务器</el-button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'UploadDemo',
data() {
return {
fileData: {
name: ''
}
}
},
methods: {
submitUpload() {
this.$refs.upload.submit()
},
onSuccess() {
this.$message.success('上传成功')
}
}
}
</script>其中 el-upload 组件的 action 属性用于指定后台 API 的 URI；
:auto-upload 属性用于设置是否自动上传（这里设置为 false，手动触发上传动作）；
:on-success 属性用于指定上传成功后触发的方法。
submitUpload() 中的 this.$refs.upload.submit() 方法触发文件上传动作。
其中 el-upload 组件的 :data 属性用于指定文件上传时附加的数据（类型为 JavaScript 对象）。
注意：
1.env.development文件里改成BASE_API = ‘/api’
2.除增删改查外，上传的接口在index.vue文件里写了，不用额外在api文件夹里加接口
3.route里的函数调用后端接口
4.前端一个页面可对应后端多个接口
上传完成，后台数据如下：
[
{
"file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/AnyDesk.exe",
"id": 19,
"name": "测试文件"
},
{
"file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
"id": 18,
"name": ""
},
{
"file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
"id": 17,
"name": ""
}
]文件下载功能
下载后端部分
views.py
@action(methods=['get', 'post'], detail=True)
def download(self, request, pk=None, *args, **kwargs):
file_obj = self.get_object()
response = FileResponse(open(file_obj.file.path, 'rb'))
return response下载前端部分
download.vue
<template>
<el-table
:data="filelist.filter(data => !search || data.name.toLowerCase().includes(search.toLowerCase()))"
>
<el-table-column
label="序号"
prop="id"
/>
<el-table-column
label="上传时间"
prop="date"
/>
<el-table-column
label="上传用户"
prop="auther"
/>
<el-table-column
label="文件名"
prop="filename"
/>
<el-table-column
align="right"
>
<template slot="header">
<el-input
v-model="search"
size="mini"
placeholder="输入关键字搜索"
/>
</template>
<template slot-scope="scope">
<el-button
size="mini"
@click="handleDown(scope.$index, scope.row)"
>Down</el-button>
<el-button
size="mini"
type="danger"
@click="handleDelete(scope.$index, scope.row)"
>Delete</el-button>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</template>
<script>
import { getPkgsList } from '@/api/user'
import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth'
import { delpkg } from '@/api/user'
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
data() {
return {
headers: {
Authorization: 'Bearer ' + getToken()
},
// addForm: {
// // 文件的数组
// pics: []
// },
filelist: [],
search: '',
listLoading: true
}
},
created() {
this.fetchPkgsList()
},
methods: {
handleChange(file, filelist) {
this.filelist = filelist.slice(-3)
},
onSuccess() {
this.$message.success('上传成功')
},
fetchPkgsList() {
this.listLoading = true
getPkgsList().then(response => {
console.log('getPkgsList ========> ', response)
this.filelist = response.data.results
this.listLoading = false
})
},
downloadFile(url, options = {}) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// console.log(`${url} 请求数据，参数=>`, JSON.stringify(options))
axios.defaults.headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + getToken()
axios({
method: 'post',
url: url, // 请求地址
data: options, // 参数
responseType: 'blob' // 表明返回服务器返回的数据类型
}).then(
response => {
// console.log("下载响应",response)
resolve(response.data.result)
debugger
const blob = new Blob([response.data])
// console.log(blob)
// let fileName = Date.parse(new Date()) + '.xlsx'
// 切割出文件名
const fileNameEncode = options.filename
// 解码
const fileName = decodeURIComponent(fileNameEncode)
// console.log("fileName",fileName)
if (window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob) {
// console.log(2)
navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
} else {
// console.log(3)
var link = document.createElement('a')
link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob)
link.download = fileName
link.click()
// 释放内存
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(link.href)
}
},
err => {
reject(err)
}
)
})
},
handleDown(index, row) {
const postUrl = '/api/files/' + (row.id) + '/download/'
const params = { filename: row.filename }
this.downloadFile(postUrl, params)
},
handleDelete(index, row) {
this.listLoading = true
// const i = this.addForm.pics.findIndex((x) => x.pic === row.file)
// this.addForm.pics.splice(i, 1)
this.$confirm(`确定移除 ${row.filename}？`)
delpkg(row.id).then(response => {
// console.log('getPkgsList ========> ', response)
// console.log(index)
// console.log(this.filelist.length)
this.filelist = this.filelist.slice(index, 1)
this.fetchPkgsList()
// console.log(this.filelist)
this.listLoading = false
})
}
}
}
</script>