这篇文章主要讲解了“怎么用Python编写简单的聊天程序”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“怎么用Python编写简单的聊天程序”吧！
实现思路
x01 服务端的建立
首先,在服务端,使用socket进行消息的接受,每接受一个socket的请求,就开启一个新的线程来管理消息的分发与接受,同时,又存在一个handler来管理所有的线程,从而实现对聊天室的各种功能的处理
x02 客户端的建立
客户端的建立就要比服务端简单多了,客户端的作用只是对消息的发送以及接受,以及按照特定的规则去输入特定的字符从而实现不同的功能的使用,因此,在客户端这里,只需要去使用两个线程,一个是专门用于接受消息,一个是专门用于发送消息的
至于为什么不用一个呢,那是因为,只用一个的话,当接受了消息,在发送之前接受消息的处于阻塞状态,同理,发送消息也是,那么要是将这两个功能放在一个地方实现,就会导致没有办法连续发送或者接受消息了
实现方式
服务端实现
import json
import threading
from socket import *
from time import ctime
class PyChattingServer:
__socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
__address = ('', 12231)
__buf = 1024
def __init__(self):
self.__socket.bind(self.__address)
self.__socket.listen(20)
self.__msg_handler = ChattingHandler()
def start_session(self):
print('等待客户连接...
')
try:
while True:
cs, caddr = self.__socket.accept()
# 利用handler来管理线程,实现线程之间的socket的相互通信
self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs, caddr)
except socket.error:
pass
class ChattingThread(threading.Thread):
__buf = 1024
def __init__(self, cs, caddr, msg_handler):
super(ChattingThread, self).__init__()
self.__cs = cs
self.__caddr = caddr
self.__msg_handler = msg_handler
# 使用多线程管理会话
def run(self):
try:
print('...连接来自于:', self.__caddr)
data = '欢迎你到来PY_CHATTING！请输入你的很cooooool的昵称(不能带有空格哟`)
'
self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data, 'utf-8'))
while True:
data = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
if not data:
break
self.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data, self.__cs)
print(data)
except socket.error as e:
print(e.args)
pass
finally:
self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)
self.__cs.close()
class ChattingHandler:
__help_str = "[ SYSTEM ]
"
"输入/ls,即可获得所有登陆用户信息
"
"输入/h,即可获得帮助
"
"输入@用户名 (注意用户名后面的空格)+消息,即可发动单聊
"
"输入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息
"
"再次输入/i,即可取消屏蔽
"
"所有首字符为/的信息都不会发送出去"
__buf = 1024
__socket_list = []
__user_name_to_socket = {}
__socket_to_user_name = {}
__user_name_to_broadcast_state = {}
def start_thread(self, cs, caddr):
self.__socket_list.append(cs)
chat_thread = ChattingThread(cs, caddr, self)
chat_thread.start()
def close_conn(self, cs):
if cs not in self.__socket_list:
return
# 去除socket的记录
nickname = "SOMEONE"
if cs in self.__socket_list:
self.__socket_list.remove(cs)
# 去除socket与username之间的映射关系
if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
nickname = self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]
self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)
self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)
nickname += " "
# 广播某玩家退出聊天室
self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname + "离开了PY_CHATTING")
# 管理用户输入的信息
def handle_msg(self, msg, cs):
js = json.loads(msg)
if js['type'] == "login":
if js['msg'] not in self.__user_name_to_socket:
if ' ' in js['msg']:
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'login',
'success': False,
'msg': '账号不能够带有空格'
}), cs)
else:
self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']] = cs
self.__socket_to_user_name[cs] = js['msg']
self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']] = True
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'login',
'success': True,
'msg': '昵称建立成功,输入/ls可查看所有在线的人,输入/help可以查看帮助(所有首字符为/的消息都不会发送)'
}), cs)
# 广播其他人,他已经进入聊天室
self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg'] + "已经进入了聊天室")
else:
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'login',
'success': False,
'msg': '账号已存在'
}), cs)
# 若玩家处于屏蔽模式,则无法发送群聊消息
elif js['type'] == "broadcast":
if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
self.broadcast(js['msg'], cs)
else:
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'broadcast',
'msg': '屏蔽模式下无法发送群聊信息'
}), cs)
elif js['type'] == "ls":
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'ls',
'msg': self.get_all_login_user_info()
}), cs)
elif js['type'] == "help":
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'help',
'msg': self.__help_str
}), cs)
elif js['type'] == "sendto":
self.single_chatting(cs, js['nickname'], js['msg'])
elif js['type'] == "ignore":
self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)
def exchange_ignore_state(self, cs):
if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
state = self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]
if state:
state = False
else:
state = True
self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]] = state
if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
msg = "通常模式"
else:
msg = "屏蔽模式"
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'ignore',
'success': True,
'msg': '[TIME : %s]
[ SYSTEM ] : %s
' % (ctime(), "模式切换成功,现在是" + msg)
}), cs)
else:
self.send_to({
'type': 'ignore',
'success': False,
'msg': '切换失败'
}, cs)
def single_chatting(self, cs, nickname, msg):
if nickname in self.__user_name_to_socket:
msg = '[TIME : %s]
[ %s CHATTING TO %s ] : %s
' % (
ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], nickname, msg)
self.send_to_list(json.dumps({
'type': 'single',
'msg': msg
}), self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname], cs)
else:
self.send_to(json.dumps({
'type': 'single',
'msg': '该用户不存在'
}), cs)
print(nickname)
def send_to_list(self, msg, *cs):
for i in range(len(cs)):
self.send_to(msg, cs[i])
def get_all_login_user_info(self):
login_list = "[ SYSTEM ] ALIVE USER :
"
for key in self.__socket_to_user_name:
login_list += self.__socket_to_user_name[key] + ",
"
return login_list
def send_to(self, msg, cs):
if cs not in self.__socket_list:
self.__socket_list.append(cs)
cs.sendall(bytes(msg, 'utf-8'))
def broadcast_system_msg(self, msg):
data = '[TIME : %s]
[ SYSTEM ] : %s
' % (ctime(), msg)
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'system_msg',
'msg': data
})
# 屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以获得系统的群发信息
for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name:
self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))
def broadcast(self, msg, cs):
data = '[TIME : %s]
[%s] : %s
' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], msg)
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'broadcast',
'msg': data
})
# 没有的登陆的玩家无法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也没办法获取信息
for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name
and self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:
self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))
def main():
server = PyChattingServer()
server.start_session()
main()客户端的实现
import json
import threading
from socket import *
is_login = False
is_broadcast = True
class ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):
__buf = 1024
def __init__(self, cs):
super(ClientReceiveThread, self).__init__()
self.__cs = cs
def run(self):
self.receive_msg()
def receive_msg(self):
while True:
msg = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
if not msg:
break
js = json.loads(msg)
if js['type'] == "login":
if js['success']:
global is_login
is_login = True
print(js['msg'])
elif js['type'] == "ignore":
if js['success']:
global is_broadcast
if is_broadcast:
is_broadcast = False
else:
is_broadcast = True
print(js['msg'])
else:
if not is_broadcast:
print("[现在处于屏蔽模式]")
print(js['msg'])
class ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, cs):
super(ClientSendMsgThread, self).__init__()
self.__cs = cs
def run(self):
self.send_msg()
# 根据不同的输入格式来进行不同的聊天方式
def send_msg(self):
while True:
js = None
msg = input()
if not is_login:
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'login',
'msg': msg
})
elif msg[0] == "@":
data = msg.split(' ')
if not data:
print("请重新输入")
break
nickname = data[0]
nickname = nickname.strip("@")
if len(data) == 1:
data.append(" ")
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'sendto',
'nickname': nickname,
'msg': data[1]
})
elif msg == "/help":
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'help',
'msg': None
})
elif msg == "/ls":
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'ls',
'msg': None
})
elif msg == "/i":
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'ignore',
'msg': None
})
else:
if msg[0] != '/':
js = json.dumps({
'type': 'broadcast',
'msg': msg
})
if js is not None:
self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))
def main():
buf = 1024
# 改变这个的地址,变成服务器的地址,那么只要部署到服务器上就可以全网使用了
address = ("127.0.0.1", 12231)
cs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
cs.connect(address)
data = cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")
if data:
print(data)
receive_thread = ClientReceiveThread(cs)
receive_thread.start()
send_thread = ClientSendMsgThread(cs)
send_thread.start()
while True:
pass
main()